Church, State and the Missing Secretary

In the Oval Office Bartlet forcefully rebukes Senators Schuler and Choate over vague 'faith-based initiatives,' turning a policy sales pitch into a constitutional and moral lesson: soup is neutral but programs that allow religious organizations to discriminate cannot be subsidized. The exchange establishes Bartlet's legal/ethical line while exposing the political minefield of courting religious groups. Immediately after, Bartlet confides in Sam about failing secretary interviews, revealing a rare vulnerability — his resistance to replacing a trusted aide — which humanizes him amid the day's larger crises and sets up the subplot of finding the right executive secretary.

Plot Beats

The narrative micro-steps within this event

1

President Bartlet disputes the legality and propriety of faith-based initiatives with Senator Fred Schuler and Senator Choate, emphasizing concerns about discrimination in hiring.

assertive to frustrated

Who Was There

Characters present in this moment

11

Unknown directly; perceived as unpredictable or atypical, which both intrigues and alarms the President.

Named by Bartlet as the afternoon interview—described colloquially as 'crazy' and tied to Charlie; present in narrative only as a framable option and emotional litmus test.

Goals in this moment
  • To be considered for a high-pressure support role (implied).
  • To bring a different style or background to the position (implied).
Active beliefs
  • Non-traditional hires can bring useful perspective.
  • Personal recommendations can open doors even for unconventional candidates.
Character traits
quirky (implied) unconventional personally connected
Follow Afternoon Secretary …'s journey
Josh Lyman
primary

Off-screen flustered and preoccupied; comically inept at navigation according to Bartlet.

Mentioned by Sam and Bartlet as being in transit with Toby and hard to locate; functions as a running gag about campaign disarray rather than as an active participant in the Oval exchange.

Goals in this moment
  • To execute campaign responsibilities while traveling (off-screen).
  • To reconnect with the team as soon as possible (implied).
Active beliefs
  • Field staff are often improvising and under strain during crises.
  • Practical logistics can derail polished political plans.
Character traits
peripatetic (implied) flustered (implied)
Follow Josh Lyman's journey

Empathetic and slightly bemused—aware of the President's mood and trying to operationalize the personnel situation.

Acts as the conversational bridge: asks about the status of secretary interviews, clarifies details, and receives Bartlet's candid reflections—practical, slightly amused, attentive.

Goals in this moment
  • To surface usable information about the interviews.
  • To support the President emotionally and logistically.
  • To help manage the fallout of the day's crises by keeping staffing issues moving.
Active beliefs
  • The President needs competent staff and clarity on replacements.
  • Honest information about candidates will help make a pragmatic decision.
  • Bartlet's personal attachment is a factor that can and should be acknowledged.
Character traits
curious supportive professionally observant
Follow Sam Seaborn's journey

Off-stage distracted and busy; his absence underscores the on-the-ground pressures the administration faces.

Mentioned alongside Josh as traveling with dead batteries and poor sense of direction; serves as shorthand for campaign chaos in Bartlet's quip.

Goals in this moment
  • To keep campaign events running despite logistical obstacles (implied).
  • To maintain lines of communication with White House staff (implied).
Active beliefs
  • Campaign operations are messy and depend on aides like Donna.
  • Field staff are resilient but fallible.
Character traits
dogged (implied) distracted (implied)
Follow Toby Ziegler's journey

Supportive in implication—Charlie functions as a stabilizing, protective presence in the President's staffing ecosystem.

Mentioned by Bartlet as the personal link to an afternoon candidate and as someone whose opinion affects the President's staffing feelings; not present but influential in the conversation.

Goals in this moment
  • To have his acquaintance (the afternoon candidate) considered by the President.
  • To support the President's practical needs while protecting institutional continuity (implied).
Active beliefs
  • Personal recommendations matter in staffing.
  • Trusted aides understand the President in ways formal interviews do not.
Character traits
trusted connected loyal (implied)
Follow Charlie Young's journey

Commanding and righteous in public policy; quietly unsettled and self-aware when admitting personal reluctance—pride and sorrow mixed under a sardonic surface.

Leads the exchange forcefully, reframing a vague policy pitch into a constitutional and ethical argument; then shifts tone to a private admission about failed interviews and his resistance to replacing a loyal aide.

Goals in this moment
  • To close down an imprecise policy framing that risks constitutional violation.
  • To affirm a moral boundary that protects non-discrimination in federal funding.
  • To test and process the difficult personal decision of replacing a trusted secretary.
Active beliefs
  • Government funding cannot be conditioned on religious conversion or allow discriminatory hiring.
  • Precision in language reflects moral and legal seriousness.
  • Personal loyalty and institutional memory (the lost secretary) have real weight in personnel choices.
Character traits
forensic morally precise wry vulnerable (briefly)
Follow Josiah Bartlet's journey

Sober and literal in recall; her demeanor registers as incompatible with Bartlet's conversational style.

Referenced as the second woman who 'wasn't funny'—Bartlet perceives her literalness and inability to read his humor as a liability for the role.

Goals in this moment
  • To perform the administrative duties of the secretary role with steadiness.
  • To demonstrate seriousness valued in bureaucratic settings.
Active beliefs
  • Professionalism sometimes requires emotional reserve.
  • Proximity to high-spirited executives demands a certain rapport.
Character traits
literal serious emotionally reserved
Follow Humorless Candidate's journey

Aloof and judgmental as perceived by Bartlet; her correction of his phrasing signals high standards and a lack of easy rapport.

Referenced as the first woman Bartlet met on the plane and described as 'not easily impressed'—a reason she is dismissed for the role.

Goals in this moment
  • To represent competence and exactness required in a high-profile support role.
  • To maintain professional standards in diplomatic contexts.
Active beliefs
  • Correct usage and protocol signal seriousness and suitability.
  • Oval proximity requires a particular diplomatic sensitivity.
Character traits
aloof precise formally attentive
Follow First Morning …'s journey
D'Astier
primary

Not present; recalled as mildly offended in the anecdote, serving as evidence of diplomatic fragility.

Referenced in an anecdote about a dinner at the Elysee where Bartlet joked about cheese and D'Astier was offended—used to illustrate a candidate's sensitivity and Bartlet's self-awareness.

Goals in this moment
  • To represent France's diplomatic decorum (implied).
  • To maintain national dignity in bilateral encounters (implied).
Active beliefs
  • Diplomatic ritual matters and small slights can signal larger rifts.
  • Personal interactions reveal suitability and cultural acuity.
Character traits
dignified (implied) culturally proud (implied)
Follow D'Astier's journey

Curious and somewhat adversarial—seeking clarification through a practical, almost sarcastic inquiry.

Presses the President with a reductio-syllogistic question—uses the ‘soup’ image to test the boundary between benign service and religious imposition.

Goals in this moment
  • To expose any inconsistency in the President's stance.
  • To make the policy discussion concrete and politically usable.
  • To protect or expand avenues for faith-based actors to receive support.
Active beliefs
  • Voters and lawmakers respond to concrete analogies, not abstract principles.
  • Religious groups can be effective deliverers of social services.
  • There may be political advantage in forcing the President to define limits.
Character traits
probing challenging concrete-minded
Follow Fred Schuler's journey
Choate
primary

Earnest and slightly impatient—focused on outcomes for his constituents rather than abstract legalism.

Argues pragmatically on behalf of faith groups as frontline social-service providers, pleading for federal support until alternatives exist.

Goals in this moment
  • To secure funding for religious organizations delivering social programs.
  • To frame faith-based groups as indispensable until better options appear.
Active beliefs
  • Local religious groups are effective and trusted service providers.
  • Practical results (keeping kids in school, off drugs) justify temporary federal support.
  • Political compromise around implementation details can be found later.
Character traits
pragmatic pleading constituency-focused
Follow Choate's journey

Objects Involved

Significant items in this scene

2
Faith-Based Soup Kitchen

The soup kitchen is invoked as the illustrative example that collapses the abstract policy into concrete moral terms: the soup itself is neutral and acceptable for subsidy, but programs run by religious organizations that permit discriminatory practices are constitutionally disqualifying.

Before: Hypothetical example invoked by Senators as active community …
After: Reconceptualized by Bartlet as legally neutral (the soup) …
Before: Hypothetical example invoked by Senators as active community service eligible for support.
After: Reconceptualized by Bartlet as legally neutral (the soup) but politically and constitutionally limited when tied to discriminatory practices.
Bartlet's Cheese from D'Astier Joke

Bartlet's anecdotal 'cheese' from the D'Astier dinner functions as a narrative prop to demonstrate candidate sensitivity and diplomatic tone; it explains why one candidate's correction signaled a poor cultural fit.

Before: Part of a recalled diplomatic meal at the …
After: Remains a rhetorical device in the President's retelling, …
Before: Part of a recalled diplomatic meal at the Palais de l'Elysee—an actual piece of conversation and social ritual.
After: Remains a rhetorical device in the President's retelling, emblematic of a failed rapport and candidate unsuitability.

Organizations Involved

Institutional presence and influence

4
Churches

Churches are presented in Choate's argument as frontline social-service providers whose programs keep kids in school and off drugs; they are the human face of the faith-based funding plea and the object of Bartlet's constitutional scrutiny.

Representation Represented through Sen. Choate's anecdotal testimony and examples of programs.
Power Dynamics Informal moral authority at the community level contrasted with legal limits when interacting with federal …
Impact Highlights tensions between grassroots service delivery and constitutional constraints, forcing federal policy to balance effectiveness …
Internal Dynamics Not directly explored in the scene; implied alignment around service delivery rather than explicit political …
To secure federal support for their social programs. To be recognized as effective partners in public welfare provision. Demonstrated on-the-ground programmatic results. Political pressure via sympathetic senators and constituents.
Synagogues

Synagogues are named alongside churches and mosques as community organizations delivering social services; they serve as part of Choate's collective argument that faith institutions fill gaps in social welfare.

Representation Mentioned in legislative advocacy by Sen. Choate as evidence of plural faith contributions.
Power Dynamics Community-level service provision with limited direct influence on federal subsidy rules; dependent on political advocacy …
Impact Their inclusion underscores pluralistic reliance on faith groups for social services and the complexity of …
Internal Dynamics No internal tensions are depicted; treated as part of a broad umbrella of faith-based providers.
To maintain or expand funding for beneficial programs. To protect the integrity of their community outreach work. Local results and constituent testimonials. Lobbying through elected representatives.
Mosques

Mosques are cited as part of Choate's coalition of faith-based actors offering essential programs; their mention broadens the appeal beyond a single religion and complicates any simple partisan framing.

Representation Invoked rhetorically by a senator to demonstrate the diversity and reach of faith-based service delivery.
Power Dynamics Grassroots service credibility versus federal legal constraints; reliant on political intermediaries to secure support.
Impact Their inclusion signals that any federal faith-based policy will have to account for pluralism and …
Internal Dynamics Not detailed; presented as part of a collective faith-based service ecosystem.
To have community services recognized and supported. To protect their ability to serve vulnerable populations without onerous new restrictions. Community trust and demonstrated results. Persuasion through legislators advocating constituent needs.
Faith-Based Initiatives

The abstract entity 'Faith-Based Initiatives' functions as the policy proposal under scrutiny—its vagueness invites both political expedience and constitutional peril; Bartlet forces specificity and legal clarity.

Representation Represented indirectly through senators' pitch and the President's rebuttal; present as policy language rather than …
Power Dynamics Contested terrain: political actors seek to expand influence and resources through the initiative while the …
Impact Exposes the friction between pragmatic governance and constitutional safeguards, forcing a reassessment of how federal …
Internal Dynamics Implicitly fraught: the initiative is presented as politically attractive but legally unsettled, suggesting internal debates …
To institutionalize funding channels for religious organizations delivering services. To gain political credit for addressing social problems through existing community actors. Legislative advocacy and political framing. Promises of federal funding and program partnerships.

Narrative Connections

How this event relates to others in the story

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Key Dialogue

"BARTLET: You can't say "faith-based initiatives" to me. You have to be more specific then that. You can't offer a guy a hot meal but first you have to accept God into your heart. It's against the law. It's also a little obnoxious."
"SENATOR FRED SCHULER: If a church runs a soup kitchen, are they serving Christian soup?"
"BARTLET: No, the soup is non-denominational, Fred but I'm not talking about the soup I'm talking about the programs. And another problem is, the government can't subsidize organizations that discriminate in hiring practices as religious organizations are allowed to do."